Wednesday, May 19, 2010

Ethics that doesn’t need transcendent god to anchor it

It’s important for students to realize that when they’re composing papers for philosophy courses they’re not just laying down their opinions. Provided they give reasons to support their assertions, their papers are made up of arguments, not opinions. The reasons are what make an assertion more than mere opinion.
This is why it’s unfortunate that the new philosophy series, The Stone, in The New York Times is under the Opinion banner, as Postural Thinking notes in his latest entry. Of course, many of the the pieces in the Opinion page of the newspaper are more than mere opinion. But the newspaper maintains the myth that personal views are nothing more than mere opinion, just as the cable news shows keep viewers believing that there are always two sides to every story and that, furthermore, neither of these sides is better than the other.  All opinion is equal. You believe what you believe and I’ll believe what I believe. We’re both right.

The NY Times has introduced a new series on Philosophy. Oddly enough, it is in the "opinion" section of the paper, with Simon Critchley moderating (most of Critchley's introduction has to do with Plato, for whom "opinion" was never much of a safe place to be). Critchley's introduction is provocative, and should be questionable to a philosopher. This is, however, a good thing. A philosopher should find questionable attempts at making philosophy "public", but this does not mean that it should not be done. It's a dangerous thing, but then, so is driving a car, getting on an airplane, or using an electrical device of just about any sort. Philosophy is dangerous, too, as Critchley seems to suggest in his article.
This series comes at a time when philosophy's popularity may be at an all time low. It also comes at a time when religious and political fanaticism may be at an all time high. This "high", mind you, may not be decided by the number of people who fall into such a category, but by the threat it exercises upon civilization.
Naturally, most of the potential readers of this series are probably already fairly reasonable, intelligent people. But who knows? Any chance we've got at promoting thinking is a chance worth taking these days. Perhaps, as Nietzsche said, there really are more idols than there are realities. Maybe our thinking can be the hammer, even if this hammer is broadcasted. POSTED BY JACOB AT 6:16 AM MONDAY, MAY 17, 2010

What I'm interested in is the boundary between philosophy and theology. Aristotle spoke of "thinking thinking of thinking." Socrates claims to have lived the life of philosophy because he was doing the bidding of the god. We study Augustine and Aquinas in philosophy schools (although many think we shouldn't). The theological influence on Heidegger's work is undeniable (Benjamin D. Crowe has shown this well in his book, Heidegger's Religious Origins.) But the question is, at what point do we stop calling something philosophy, and start calling it theology (and this is what interests me about Heidegger). POSTED BY JACOB AT 2:48 PM SATURDAY, MAY 15, 2010

I spend a LOT of time in my manuscript trying to explain precisely how we can do work very similar to Whitehead today, but without the need for these objects/classes/types being eternal or transcedental.

But can we find an ethics that doesn’t need transcendent god to anchor it? Can we find a way to be ethical beings, and a way out of the society of the spectacle? And can we find a way to stop playing god or being cannibals of the rest of the world off which we feed in the process? Can we avoid becoming paranoidly insane, and devouring ourselves and the world in the process? Can we find a way out of the bubble of contemporary spectacle-capitalism, before we eat ourselves and the world with us alive? The only way, it would seem, is to understand how it was that the original world vanished, and the mutation started in the first place. We need to remember our history, even if this is as much about the future as the past. The alternative is to simply live for pure survival, with no reason why. In which case, the masters of the universe can have their sway with us all, because we can’t see anything beyond the present moment. Which means we are blind to the mutations as they occur. And of course, the masters of the universe are a sham, they don’t exist. They are merely the paranoid projections of our collective, frightened, deer-in-headlights, spectacle dazed selves. This is I think the challenge we find ourselves in today.

The Tehran Times interviews Lawrence J. Hatab.
Q: Is 20th century the best century in the history of philosophy? Why? 
A: This is a very difficult question to answer. In a sense, no century can match the 4th Century BC in ancient Greece, because there the very nature, shape, and scope of philosophy was created for the first time, and we still wrestle with the questions of Plato and Aristotle.
But I think the 20th Century has one great element, and that is sometimes called the ""linguistic turn."" Here the questions of philosophy must begin with how our language operates, rather than with suppositions about certain ""realities"" to which our language only ""refers."" Two giants of 20th Century philosophy, Heidegger and Wittgenstein, both worked in this way.
On the other hand, one of the worst parts of the 20th Century has been the ""professionalization"" of philosophy, where the discipline has become over-specialized, insulated in academia, and conversing mainly with fellow specialists, to the point where philosophy loses touch not only with concrete affairs of life, but also with an intelligent general readership. This is one reason why public discourse has become so much more shallow and thoughtless.
Hatab has written on ethics and finitude and on empathy and Heidegger.

Wednesday, May 12, 2010

Tiredness and waiting

Chaudhuri reads Ray’s expression of bodies through Deleuze:

‘Give me a body then’: this is the formula of philosophic reversal. The body is no longer the obstacle that separates thought from itself, that which it has to overcome to reach thinking. It is on the contrary that which it plunges into or must plunge into, in order to reach the unthought, that is life. Life will no longer be made to appear before the categories of thought; thought will be thrown into the categories of life. The categories of life are precisely the attitudes of the body, its postures.

‘We do not even know what a body can do’: in its sleep, in its drunkenness, in its efforts and resistances. […] It is through the body (and no longer through the intermediary of the body) that cinema forms its alliance with the spirit, with thought. ‘Give me a body then’ is first to mount a camera on an everyday body. The body is never in the present, it contains the before and the after, tiredness and waiting. […] Perhaps tiredness is the first and the last attitude, because it simultaneously contains the before and the after; what Blanchot says is also what Antonioni shows, not the drama of communication, but the immense tiredness of the body, the tiredness there is beneath The Outcry, and which suggests to thought ‘something to communicate’, the ‘unthought’ of life.[18]

I want to stay for a moment, with Deleuze’s suggestion about tiredness as both ‘before’ and ‘after,’ as a state of being where time escapes the present by bridging a moment prior to with a moment yet to come. Tiredness – and waiting – is in fact, the most important trope defining Pratidwandi. […]

In an essay called ‘Nomad Thought’ Deleuze, in the course of an investigation of Nietzsche, produced a minor political manifesto. Society, Deleuze suggested, has developed historically, three ways of “encoding” populations: the law, the contract and the institution. In opposition to the dominance of these regimes of encoding, ideologies like Marxism and Freudianism proposed “recoding”: Marxism said the state had made people “sick” and a different state would cure them; Freudianism said the same with regard to the family.[27] The reason Nietzsche appears as a radical alternative in this larger trajectory is because he advocated “an absolute decoding.”[28] 

Deleuze performs, following this revelation, an exegesis of some themes in Nietzsche’s works. Only the last of these concerns me here. Referring to his discussion of the formation of primitive empires in the Genealogy of Morals, Deleuze argues that the process of formation or encoding might be read as the “production of two strictly correlated but different phenomena.” While in the centre there is a consolidation of power, the harnessing of an “administrative machine,” in the peripheries, people come together in “nomadic” unity, constantly decoding themselves. The nomadic “war machine” and the bureaucratic administrative machine are not discreet entities, both exist in constant tension with each other, and according to Deleuze, they continue to oppose each other even when they merge. However, although he is drawing on a historical moment, the argument is not a historical one. In contemporary societies too we find nomads – and these nomads are not migrants, they do not move. In fact, Deleuze argues, perhaps the greatest nomadic challenge in our times is to “stay in the same place while escaping the codes.”[29]

Saturday, May 08, 2010

Brecht, Barthes, Bakhtin, & Baudrillard

Like Bakhtin, Brecht wanted to extend "polyphonic artistic thinking" well beyond ....Following the literal shift in the location of action and .... of self-conscious theatricality support and extend the play's consistently ironic ...
Abstract
The alienation value of Brecht's early play Drums in the Night has been ignored, dismissed, and co-opted. By reciprocally engaging Drums in the Night and Bakhtin's theory of the novel, however, we can see its radically dialogic structure, appreciate its alienation value, and reappropriate its prerevolutionary dimensions for contemporary use. We can, moreover, project directions for developing a rhetoric of performed narrative consistent with both Brecht's and Bakhtin's dialogic ideal.
The Invention of "Theatricality": Rereading Bernard Dort and ... by JP Sarrazac - 2002 - Cited by 1 - Related articles
Barthes certainly owed his most refined conception of semiological reasoning to. Brechtian literalness-a polyphonic theatricality, based on a "density of signs," a "layering of signification" (1972, 26). Pure theatrical presence was ... Jean Pierre Sarrazac and Virginie Magnat - The Invention of ...
Brecht pointed to Hitler's and the fascists' Theatralik, the German term that matches the pejorative connotation of the English word "theatricality." With ...
sent, where theatricality becomes a central paradigm of contemporary reality. ... positions repeatedly echo Brechtian ideas. In the second thematic group, ... the potential of film'sliteral uncoupling of sound and image to ...
The following aesthetic tenets inform Brecht's description of epic acting: 1. The theatricalityof the performance is brought to the foreground in order to ...
The Brechtian atmosphere is the result of the synecdochic structure, ... of the substitution of one literal term for another, but in synecdoche, ...... For a detailed analysis of the play'stheatricality and its relationship to ... 
The Radical in Performance interrogates the crisis in contemporary theatre and celebrates the subversive in performance. It is the first full-length study to explore the link between a Western theatre culture, which, says Kershaw, is largely 'past its sell-by ... 
ArtCat - Chelsea - Derek Eller Gallery - Dominic McGill, FuturePerfect by ArtCat
Dominic McGill’s exhibition FuturePerfect explores the construction and representation of history through epic works in graphite. Interested in Baudrillard’s concept of the collapse of historical linearity due to the speed of information, McGill constructs vivid timelines of text and imagery that have no beginning and no end. As McGill explains the show’s title: “The Future Perfect tense allows us to talk of the past in the future. If linearity has collapsed, then we can talk about the future by referencing the past and vice-versa”.
Social Media: Documentation as Stratification « PJ Rey: Posts from ...by pj.rey
We resist the culture of documentation altogether, hoping that the system collapses so that we can retreat into the past (I call this the Baudrillard option). 2.) We take seriously the digital divide, adopting a rights-based discourse ...
more than meets the eye: Better Late Than Never by donald brackett
And though it was the charming and exhausting Baudrillard who has recently taken up the theme of the end of history, and its sudden reversal in a flow of time running backwards, it was E. Canetti who first postulated that indeed at a ...

Wednesday, May 05, 2010

Essence of Sri Aurobindo and Mataji breathes in every living tree

At Auroville, there is the right recipe for harmonious integration. Mix of cultural roots of people exerts an influence on its peaceful co-existence. ... Read more …

Thursday, April 29, 2010

Chittaranjan Das, Manoj Das, & Mahapatra Nilamani Sahu

Born on October 3rd 1923 Sri Chittaranjan Das has been admired by his readers as a renowned creative talent. He is exceptional in his essays, travel literature and in the field of translation and has vast command over foreign languages. In 1960, for his essay Jeevana Bidyalaya he was awarded by Orissa Sahitya Akademi. He was adorned with Sarala Award in 1989 for his essay Orissa O’ Oriya. In the year 2000, he has been awarded by Kendra Sahitya Akademi for his lucid essary ‘Biswaku Gabaksha’.
His essay and lucid writings include Sila O’ Salarma (1958), Samaja, Paribartan O’ Bikasha (1958), Kete Diganta (1972), Taranga O’ Tadita (1975), Manishad (1978), Ekalabya Katha O’ Anyanya Prabandha (1978), Jatire Mu Jabana (1979), Siksharu Sankaramana (1981), Sanskruti O’ Odisha (1981), Gandhi Gopabandhu (1981), Nakha Darpanena (1982), Pasyati Dishi Dishi (1986), Aramya Rachana (1986), Odisha O’ Odia (1988), Aau Eka Drushtire (1990), Neta O’ Narayana (1990), Chid Bistara, Sabu Mulare Manisha, Hasa Kete Kanda Kete, Grantha Manthana, Sampadakara Stambha (1st, 2nd, And 3rd), Anabana Rachana, Abhaya Amitrate And Kalaku Kajwala.
His travel literatures include Nepalapathe (1948), Ganjamalare Satadina (1955), Sagara Jatri (1955), Denmark Chithi (1955), Shilatirth (1991), Bharataru Chin (1988), Ertej Israel, Sagara Patha, His Poetry Includes Dui Adhyaya (1948). His Translation Include Samaja Gabesana Bidhi, Dasi Silia, Raj Kumar Mahamanaba, Bidrohi Atma, Mo Jeevana O’ Sadhada, Dasisil Ja Rajkumar, Sammohini, Chasi, Voctor Jivago, Mo Hrudaya Pilanka Pain, Jane Sikshakanku Chithi, Jasnaya Polyana, Rabindra Galpa Chayana, Russia Chithi, Dui Bhouni, Binodini, Prathama Pratisruti, Chhatranka Prati, Nari Samaja Prati, Swasthyara Chabi, Ramanama, Satyagraha, Matru Rachanabali (17 Parts), Maa And Sri Aurobindo.
His research books include Achyutananda O’ Panchasakha Dharma, Odishare Mahima Dharma, Santha Sahitya, Odia Sahityara Sanskrutika Bikasha Dhara, Bhakta Charan Das, Balaram Das, Alokara Kabi Rabindranath and a Glimpse into Oriya Literature (1982).
His children’s literatures include Gapa Agapa, Esopkatha, Manishanka Madhyare Manisha, Kete Deshara Katha, Sundara Desha Finland And Marco Polo.
His biographies include Nabakrushna Choudhury, Bhinna Jane Vivekanada and autobiography includes Mitrasya Chakshusa. Other creations are Jangala Achithi, Jeevana Vidyalaya 1st Part (1960), 2nd Part (1962) and Rohitara Diary. [A glimpse into Oriya literatureOdia sahityara itihasa: Samajika-samskrtika bibhibhumi [i.e. bhittibhumi]Bisvaku gabakshaMitrasya cakshushaBhakta Charana Das (Makers of Indian literature)Balarama Das (Makers of Indian literature),  Letters from a Forest School

Mohapatra Nilamani Sahu was born on 22nd December 1926 at Niali – Village of Cuttack district. He started his career as a Lecturer in Oriya literature.
In the post-independence period, he is known as a best story-writer. He is adorned with different awards for his favourite short stories which have been admired by scholars and general public. These include ‘Akasha Patata’ story book for which he received Orissa Sahitya Akademi Award in 1979. For his story edition titled ‘Abhisapta Gandharva’ in 1983, he received Sarala Award and again in 1984 he was adorned Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award for the same book.
His story editions include Prema Tribhuja published in 1952, Michha Bagha In 1955, Srunantu Sarbe Amrutasya Putra In 1957, Ganjei O’ Gabesana In 1961, Ranu Apa Tharu Pushi Parjyanta, Andha Ratira Surya, (1965), Anya Rupa Rupantara, Akasha Patala, Abhisapta Gandharba, Pingala Se Anya Jane, Kapota Pakhi Gru Mora, Sumitrara Hasa, Bishnu Maya, Michha Bagha, Papa O’ Mukti, Se Kala Pakhala, Brundabanara Sesha Dhupa, Ja Devi Sama Grushesu, Galpa Bichitra, Nibeditara Naisyabhisara.
His novels include Dhara O Dhara, Tamasi Radha, Hansa Mithuna. His criticism books include ‘Sahityara Katha O Ramya Rachana Sahityara Parabar. [Mahapatra Nilamani Sahu racana samagra]

Born on 27th February 1934, son of Madhu Sudana Das. He is a story-writer of international repute. His creations include ‘Dhumrava Diganta’, Lakshmira Abhishara and Manoja Panchabisanti. His edited story Sesha Basantara Chita. In 1972 for his story ‘Katha O Kathani, he got Kendra Sahitya Akademi award for his short story Aranyaka. He got Orissa Sahitya Akademi Award in 1981. He got Sarala Award for his book ‘Dhumrava Diganta’. For sometime he was associated with Oriya reputed journal Dignta. Now he is the editor of English popular monthly The Heritage published from Chennai. [Selected FictionTales told by mysticsManoj Das: A critical studyChasing the Rainbow: Growing Up in an India VillageSri Aurobindo-The Hour Of God: Selections From His Writings

Tuesday, April 27, 2010

Sri Aurobindo's contribution often goes unrecognised

Celebrating Aurobindo
PADMINI B. PATELL
The occasion of the centenary year of Aurobindo's arrival in Puducherry was highlighted through a play.


Powerful performance:Of the play
In homage to Sri Aurobindo on the occasion of the centenary year of his arrival in Punducherry, a play “Tryst with God” was staged by the students of the Sri Aurobindo International School (SAIS). The enactment of the historic Alipore Jail Trail was both enlightening and thought provoking with a cast of 35 students doing their school proud.
It was in 1908 that Sri Aurobindo was imprisoned by the British for being the prime suspect in the bomb outrage that killed two European ladies in Calcutta. The 12 months of solitary confinement that followed in the Alipore Jail proved to be the turning point in the life of the revolutionary mystic.
While behind bars he read the Bhagavad Gita and had what he termed a ‘tryst with Lord Krishna who from then on became his master and guide. It was the famous defense lawyer Chittaranjan Das who fought his case in which Sri Aurobindo was acquitted.
“Enacting Sri Aurobindo has given me a better understanding of this great personality – it has immensely increased my regard for him and gratitude to my school,” says Susheel of Std. X who played the poet Sage. An impressive performance by Pranav as Chittaranjan Das and explanations by Narrators Aila and Avani gave clarity to the mixed age groups in the audience. “When we speak about India's Independence Sri Aurobindo's contribution often goes unrecognised. This play helped us understand the crucial role played by him in the freedom struggle,” says Stage Manager, Aila Bandagi. “Tryst with God” was conceived and scripted by Dr Chhalamayi Reddy, Principal, SAIS and sponsored by Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.
Promoting education
The Institute of Human Study opened the SAIS with the blessings of the Mother in 1965 to promote education in the light of Sri Aurobindo's vision. Integral education with emphasis on the development of all the different parts constituting the human being through holistic learning is keenly followed here.
Sri Aurobindo arrived in Puducherry on April 4 1910
To commemorate the centenary year the “Aurobindo Express” from Howrah to Puducherry was flagged off on April 9, 2010
This train will have a special exhibition coach on the life and times of Sri Aurobindo
For information on camps: email: youthcamp2010@hotmail.com for camps organised by Sri Aurobindo Society (for children above 15) The Hindu Young World Tuesday, Apr 27, 2010

Thursday, April 22, 2010

They positively love how feisty he is

Re: Samkhya is related to the system of counting with zeros
by Tusar N. Mohapatra on Thu 22 Apr 2010 09:52 AM IST |  Profile |  Permanent Link

[An allusion to the Sāńkhya Theory of Causation is found in a verse of Naishadhacarita. The concerned verse is King Nala’s speech to the four gods, viz. Indra, Agni, Varuņa and Yama. Seeing the gods on the way to Damayantī’s ‘svayamvara’, Nala observes that gods are nectar-incarnate. As he opines, there is no difference between an effect and its cause; verily a person’s body is the product of food and his eyes are immersed in nectar by looking at the nectar-fed bodies of the gods. By: Dr. Harekrishna Meher

Tusar N Mohapatra has left a new comment on your post "Bijan Ghose cannot claim that the 1954 edition is ...": Posted to Savitri Era Open Forum at 1:38 PM, April 22, 2010

For starters, like most theological bloggers, he is male. Very male, let’s say... Second, there is also the hallmark of Milbank’s style, his abrasive rhetoric, style & attitude. In fact, this is what so many people return to, when called upon to explain their undying interest in him. (E.g., “I don’t agree with what he says, but I love how he handles himself!”) They positively love how feisty he is. He, in short, makes for good blog copy — again, not unlike a fellow blogger, in his case, an A-list theology blogger — you link to immediately, maybe even block quote. (After all, was not your blogroll practically made for abrasive, overblown, unsubstantiated assertions?) Oh, and let’s not forget his occasional deployment of online pseudonymity. No blogger is innocent of that from time to time.]

Videos: Music for the Centenary of Sri Aurobindo's arrival in ...
"A Centenary's Salutations to Sri Aurobindo" is a musical composition by Shobha Mitra, presented by teachers and students of The Vocal Music Section of the ...
[25 September 2008 Dear Manoj-da,
I decided to write about Sri Aurobindo, first, because I find him tremendously interesting. I won’t go any farther than this. You will recall that I explained to you once that I find it difficult if not impossible to proclaim from the housetops my feelings about things that mean a lot to me. I’ve always been amazed to find that others do not have this problem, and that they talk with perfect strangers about things that are deeply important to them. IY Fundamentalism - Letter to the Managing Trustee, from Peter Heehs]

Monday, March 29, 2010

How the poet Sri Aurobindo had grown along with his symbols

Dear Gopal, Birds of same feathers flock together, - the boatman(Kevat) reminded Lord Rama too ! I myself am in the same business as you - an engineer; only I am a civil engineer passed out of our Centre of Education. Our ishta-devata according to b… from ASPIRATION - Aspiration is a call to the Divine. — The Mother
Aurora Mirabilis: Sri Aurobindo's life in the form of a novel by ...
Based on the life of Sri Aurobindo, the book extracts richly from books, letters, reports, records, biographies, archival photographs and unpublished manuscripts while maintaining the independence and fictionary taut element of a novel ...
Savitri Era Open Forum: We need a "critical edition" of Savitri ...
So I as much as anyone care about the edition I use being exactly correct according to SriAurobindo's latest corrections and wishes. But the only way we can get to that goal is through a thoroughly annotated critical edition, ...
PROPHET666: SRI AUROBINDO'S NON-DUAL EXPERIENCES by prophet666
 What has really made an impression on my mind, are the experiences in NON-DUALITY, experienced by Sri Aurobindo, when he was an under trial, for actively participating in the Indian independence movement. While in jail he was visited by Swami Vivekananda, who instructed him on the working of the super-consciousness. The under mentioned experts are taken from Sri Aurobindo’s Uttarpara Speech 30 May 1909…
What becomes clear from studying the experiences of Sri Aurobindo is that one can experience the enlightened state and remember, feel, see and live it. The soul does not cease to have an individual existence. True enough in the state of Non-Duality, one becomes one with everything, one is everything and everything becomes one.
These experiences of Sri Aurobindo, in his own words contradict the view held by some, that in the Non-Dual state as the ego is annihilated, it ceases to exist and hence enlightenment cannot be experienced.
Sri Aurobindo Quotes
Evolution is not finished; reason is not the last word nor the reasoning animal the supreme figure of Nature. As man emerged out of the animal, ...
from Jitendra Sharma aurofrance@gmail.com to "Tusar N. Mohapatra" tusarnmohapatra@gmail.com date 29 March 2010 11:29 subject Re: [Savitri Era Open Forum: We need a "critical edition" of Savitri]
Sri Aurobindo allows us to "taste with knowledge His ambrosia and His nectar" from the pure stream of ’Savitri’. This great book plays a miraculous role in uplifting and divinising the consciousness of a Sadhak of the Integral Yoga.  I have in my possession a copy of the first limited edition of the 'Savitri' signed by the Mother.  - Jitendra Sharma
This book will be an interesting and useful guide to the students of Indo-Anglian poetry. It identifies some recurring symbols in the poetry of Ari Aurobindo, traces their development and their final culmination into Savitri. It also shows how the poet Sri Aurobindo had grown along with his symbols and evolved himself finally into a Yogi. Sri Aurobindo is in the long line of the seer-poets of India and his message has an all-time relevance to society
About The Author: Dr. Syamala Kallury (b. 1949) served for over a decade as lecturer in English in the Colleges run by the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. She also taught for three years as lecturer in Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi. In June 1983 she was awarded the Defree of Doctor of Philosophy by the Andhra University for her work "Symbolism in the Poetry of Sri Aurobindo".

Saturday, March 27, 2010

The work of scholars like Dipesh Chakraborty has influenced me a lot

The history of Bengal Renaissance is couched in nationalist fervour. In recent times, there have been attempts to enlarge the scope of the understanding of nationalism by studying the role of artists. The Alternate Nation of Abanindranath Tagore is a study of the painter by his great grandson and art historian Debshish Banerjee. Banerjee spoke to Krishnan Unni P about the need to understand the history of Bengal paintings and the changing patterns of nationalism:

Can you explain the notion of alternative nation that goes as a main thread in your work? 

Well, as you know
Bengal school of painting is always considered an important step in the understanding of nationalism. But what is nationalism? For me, this question has always been very problematic. There were different methodologies in understanding Bengal school and the works of Abanindranath, Nandalal Bose, Jamini Roy and others. Since all attempts to study these great masters were done in a similar way, they only aimed to produce one element of the history of Bengal painting. I attempt to look at Abanindranath's works from the contemporary discourses of subaltern historiography. Ideas of nationalism have changed phenomenally in the past two decades. I have located my study in the post-colonial context where new voices of subalterns figure. The work of scholars like Dipesh Chakraborty has influenced me a lot. My work is an extension of his ideas of the subaltern subject and it tries to locate Abanindranath at a theoretical perspective of Bengal regionalism and the evolving ideas of nationalism.

Do you imply that Abanindranath's paintings situated subaltern subjects consciously? 

I do believe that Abanindranath was aware of these subjects. He never portrayed them as stereotypes. But there was hardly any awareness of subaltern subjects at that point of time.

You mention that
Bengal bhadralok was very rigid and consistent in their view of themes and situations.

Sisir Ghosh, a representative voice of the bhadralok, attacked the Krishna Lila series of paintings of Abanindranath. He published articles against him in leading Bengali journals. For Ghosh, Vaishnavism was very pure and Radha, particularly, should be portrayed in a traditional way. Abanindranath broke the rules and traditions. Krishna Lila paintings portray heterodoxy. His depiction of body was the product of several performances that were popular during those periods. Performances like Jatras and other festivals influenced him. But i don't think Abanindranath worked with any fixed notion of body in mind. It is interesting to note that in his later works body is transformed into many beliefs and discourses.

You often refer to Nandalal Bose. Do you think he carried Abanindranath's legacy? 

To some extent yes. But legacy is a problematic usage. The Tagore family faced acute questions of partition. Things were divided among the descendents and there was no unity among them. Nandalal's works are like a seamless river. But he never could think about the alternate nation.

Will you always have the idea of the alternate nation as a solution? 

A nation is a compendium of identities and differences. Regions are alive. They are not represented. Their voices are not heard. In my work, i am aware of the growing questions of the region. One nation is not enough. We live in many nations. Hence, the importance of Abanindranath and his works.

Debashish Banerji, the great grandson of Abanindranath Tagore, has worn many hats.
He is not only a Doctorate in Art History from the University of California, but also a Professor of Asian Art History at the University of Philosophical Research, Los Angeles, and author of ‘The Alternate Nation of Abanindranath Tagore’.
He speaks to Shruba Mukherjee of Deccan Herald on the different shades and colours of Abanindranath’s works.

Given the eclectic nature of Abanindranath’s work how ‘Indian’ were his paintings?

I have argued in my book that more than any narrowly understood notion of ‘Indian-ness’ pertaining to definable identities, Abanindranath’s art constructed a subjectivity which was that of an ‘alternate nation’. The turn of the 19th/20th century in India saw the development of a number of social identities which may be thought of, using Benedict Anderson’s phrase, as ‘imagined communities’.

Bengal as a region, India as a nation, Asia as a continental identity, plus an incipient globalism were all in the process of being constructed by a number of contested cultural narratives. The ‘lived community’ of the national subject becomes the confluence of these diverse narratives, many of which are erased or subjugated in the emergence of a mainstream or authorised national history.

Abanindranath has been seen in terms of the authorisation of such a national history but I have argued that his work is much more properly seen as an ‘alternate nationalism’ which enables the domain of communitarian dialog of diverse cultures.

When it comes to issues like theme, metaphor and style how did Abanindranath create a new genre and what relevance it has today?

In terms of theme, metaphor or style, it is impossible to stereotype Abanindranath as an artist. There is, of course, a national stereotype of the wash painting, themes of Indian mythology or typical landscapes and a neo-Kangra or neo-Ajanta style through which he is identified with the
Bengal school of art and dismissed. But, as I have tried to show, Abanindranath’s art can hardly be fixed in terms of any single set of themes, metaphors or styles. It is much more proper to see his work as performative, critical and dialogic in its response to various aspects of modernity and colonialism.

Abanindranath’s art conjoined text and image at several levels of multivocal and multicultural dialog. In this, life is read or interpreted through texts, but texts are themselves seen as interpreted through varied living cultures. From the beginning of his point of departure as an artist, Abanindranath gave utterance to this dialog between art, text and culture through the fashioning of a quasi-Persian calligraphic script as a vehicle for Bengali writing, which in turn voiced Sanskrit or Urdu speech. He also repeatedly referenced modes of popular performance such as ‘jatra’, ‘alpona’ (traditional floor decoration) and ‘kirtan’.

Why do you think the art of Abanindranath should not be interpreted as ‘elitist’?
Elite and subaltern are constructed frames which serve certain ideological interests of class struggle. If we impose these frames, we miss out on the grey scale in which bhadralok lives often struggled, on the one hand to respond to modernity in the language of the coloniser and on the other, strove to find a place within modernity for the communitarian practices of rural culture.

There is another way of conceptualising this dynamic which allows the fuzzy dialogic boundaries between modernity and pre-modernity to be visible. If we are to rethink Indian nationalism in terms of its cultural adaptations, this is absolutely necessary. This is what I have attempted in my work, which is one of its theoretical innovations.

The idea of an alternate nationalism in Abanindranath’s work, as I have developed it, rests on a continuous revision of what becomes co-opted as national convention.

Abanindranath’s art was involved only marginally with the construction of a national identity. I have argued that it was much more importantly engaged in resisting the stereotypes of identity formation in favour of the fluidity of communitarian interchange.

Would you interpret his last artistic production, the found-wood toys or ‘relatives-in-wood’, katum-kutum, as a social commentary?

Yes, I have seen this both as social commentary and performance art. This last production of Abanindranath has usually been dismissed as playful whimsy or worse, a product of senility. But seen in the light of his utterances and living practices of the time, these productions assume significance both in terms of the theory of art practice and in terms of social critique.

Increasingly, in this post-war period, Abanindranath recognised the change of an age and the relegation to refuse of whatever resisted the strictly determined circuits of world capital. In this milieu, he tried to explore an alternate world of magical life brought into existence from refuse through the power of creativity. This is a world where social refuse can assume lived meaning through creative acts of relational inter-subjectivity but be returned to their status as rubbish upon the cessation of such performance.

Front Page > Opinion > Paperback Pickings Friday , March 19 , 2010
Follow the haunted trail

Essays and Letters: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (Rupa, Rs 295) edited by Brajendra Nath Banerji and Sajani Kanta Das is an important book as it brings together Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s miscellaneous writings in English that have been published before but largely forgotten over time. Apart from letters and articles on religion and philosophy, there is a translation of a few chapters of Chatterjee’s novel, Devi Chaudhurani. His views as expressed in his articles — for instance, on the origin of Hindu festivals or on popular literature in Bengal — are instructive because they reveal the workings of an immensely intelligent mind bent upon proving the superiority of certain values and principles. In “A Popular Literature for Bengal” he writes, “And it would be difficult to conceive a poem more typical than the Gitagovinda of the Bengali character…. From the beginning to the end it does not contain a single expression of manly feeling — of womanly feeling there is a great deal — or a single elevated sentiment.” Chatterjee’s English is terse, devoid of the sentimental flourishes that often marked Victorian prose.

Thursday, March 18, 2010

Kiran Desai's talk on the necessity of loneliness for writers

Kiran Desai from Object-Oriented Philosophy by doctorzamalek (Graham Harman)
That was an uplifting lecture by novelist KIRAN DESAI. I missed her Saturday talk, absentmindedly thinking it was on Sunday instead.

Tonight she was present for the reading of the two AUC student short stories that were awarded prizes for the year.
She then gave a humane and wise talk on the necessity of loneliness for writers. There was an autobiographical component to it that one could call “frank” if not that I can’t imagine using as crude a word as “frank” to describe Kiran Desai. Her persona is quietly aristocratic and ethereal. She’s one of those people who seems to float into a room without touching carpet or wood.
She also has a unique ability, as you sit there listening to her, to make you feel liked as a person. Her demeanor is too private to make you feel like a friend, exactly, but you certainly feel afterward as though you could walk right up, introduce yourself, and get a hearing about pretty much any topic.
I’m not far enough into either of her novels yet to form a definite opinion about them, but I’ve certainly become a fan of Kiran Desai as a person. One is overwhelmed by a sense of kindness and goodness. 

How Mirra Alfassa went from being a French bohemian to an Indian goddess
BY MICHELLE GOLDBERG Tablet Magazine

In 1914, Mirra was 36, “a handsome woman, striking in her heavy makeup and high fashion,” in the words of Jeffery Paine, author of Father India: Westerners Under the Spell of an Ancient Culture. Soon, she and Aurobindo were working together intimately, pursuing a kind of East-West spiritual fusion, and under her organization, the Aurobindo ashram grew larger and more organized. As Mirra and Aurobindo became closer, they began to deify each other. “What Sri Aurobindo represents in the world’s history is not a teaching, not even a revelation, it is a decisive action direct from the Supreme,” she said at one point. Aurobindo, meanwhile, declared that Mirra was an incarnation of divine energy, the universal mother made flesh. In 1926, he gave her spiritual authority over all his disciples. Until he died in 1950, he communicated almost entirely through her.
Her teaching is almost indecipherable unless you’re willing to enter fully into her mental and symbolic world. One key event in her cosmology, for example, is “The Descent of the Supermind,” which is said to have happened on February 29, 1956. This involves a vision in which Mirra, in a “form of living gold, bigger than the universe,” shattered a massive golden door separating the worldly from the divine.
Yet as ethereal as all this sounds, Mirra, who died in 1973, succeeded in making some of her visions strikingly concrete.